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''On the Basis of Morality'' ((ドイツ語:Über die Grundlage der Moral), 1840) is one of Arthur Schopenhauer's major works in ethics, in which he argues that morality stems from compassion. Schopenhauer begins with a criticism of Kant's ''Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals'', which Schopenhauer considered to be the clearest explanation of Kantian ethics. ==Publication history== Arthur Schopenhauer wrote ''On the Basis of Morality'' as a response to a question posed by the Royal Danish Society of Scientific Studies in 1837 for an essay contest. The question was, "Are the source and foundation of morals to be looked for in an idea of morality lying immediately in consciousness (or conscience) and in the analysis of other fundamental moral concepts springing from that idea, or are they to be looked for in a different ground of knowledge?". Schopenhauer submitted the only entry to the contest in July 1839, but wasn't awarded the prize. On January 17, 1840, the society published a response to the essay, in which they refused to present him with the prize, claiming that he had misunderstood the question. Schopenhauer on the preface of the essay's publication went on to analyze the original question and preamble, later stating "I have proved incontrovertibly that the Royal Danish Society really did ask what it denies having asked; and on the contrary that it did ''not'' ask what it claims to have asked, and indeed could not even have asked it." The Society's ''Judicium'' (Judgment) also read "Nor should it go unmentioned that several distinguished philosophers of recent times are mentioned in such an indecent fashion as to provoke just and grave offence". In response Schopenhauer, outraged, says that "These 'distinguished philosophers' are in fact — ''Fichte'' and ''Hegel''!", following with a series of invectives and quoting Hegel, attempting to show with three different examples that Hegel "lacked even common human understanding". On a copy of his ''Two Essays'', on the title, Schopenhauer wrote that the judge of the essay in Copenhagen had been a Hegelian academic, author of a Hegelian theory of morals and later a bishop, making it very improbable that he would have been awarded a prize.〔The Two Fundamental Problems of Ethics, translated and edited by Christopher Janaway, The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Schopenhauer, 2009. In the introduction, p.xxxix〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「On the Basis of Morality」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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